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Reviews

Expert reviews and annotations of scientific papers.

Against the Rejection of Large Language Models in Qualitative Research

Smirnov, Evgeny (2026). Center for Open Science

Line-by-line explanation of why many arguments against the use of LLMs in psychology are NOT plausible.

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Have no resources to use the commercial models? Use OSS! You can even launch them on your laptop. And they ARE good.

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At First Sight! Zero-shot Classification of Astronomical Images with Large Multimodal Models

Tanoglidis, Dimitrios & Jain, Bhuvnesh (2024). Research Notes of the AAS

Yep, that's the point: no training, no code, just use. Similar to Smirnov (2024).

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An important conclusion and point from this research is that you don't need a frontier model to achieve acceptable results!

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Astronomia ex machina: a history, primer and outlook on neural networks in astronomy

Smith, Michael J. & Geach, James E. (2023). Royal Society Open Science

Has some nice theoretical stuff.

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The ethics of using generative AI for qualitative data analysis

Davison, Robert M. et al. (2024). Information Systems Journal

Bla-bla-bla. I'd suggest to start with not cheating on the data in psychology...

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An attempt to defend the usage of LLMs. A good attempt but it's too polite and does not focus on the real gaps in Jowsey's arguments.

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Debates, debates, debates... However, how strong are the arguments? (spoiler: nope; why? because the authors do not realize what LLMs really is and how to use it...)

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Prompt Engineering for Large Language Model-Assisted Inductive Thematic Analysis

Khalid, Muhammad Talal & Witmer, Ann-Perry (2025). Social Science Computer Review

Prompt engineering was important... a few years ago. Today it's better to focus on the methods that can overcome this limitation.

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A Practical Guide and Assessment on Using ChatGPT to Conduct Grounded Theory: Tutorial

Yue, Yongjie et al. (2025). Journal of Medical Internet Research

Grounded theory application tutorial, though the methods could be better.

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If you read one methods paper before coding with an LLM, read this one. It takes both the hermeneutics and the engineering seriously — a rare combination.

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CollabCoder: A Lower-barrier, Rigorous Workflow for Inductive Collaborative Qualitative Analysis with Large Language Models

Gao, Jie et al. (2024). Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Reflecting on LLM Support in Reflexive Thematic Analysis: An Exploratory Study

Vikan, Magnhild et al. (2025). Qualitative Health Research

Wrong models, wrong method, wrong results...

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Large Language Models in Qualitative Analysis: Comparing Traditional and Researcher-Interpreted Approaches

Misra, Ranjita et al. (2026). International Journal of Qualitative Methods

Note the fact that the models are outdated. Newer ones can narrow the gap.

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ChatGPT for Automated Qualitative Research: Content Analysis

Bijker, Rimke et al. (2024). Journal of Medical Internet Research

Quantifies coding results

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One of the first pros & cons analysis on the usage of LLMs in psychology + comparison

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The limitations of the LLMs in thematic analysis, though it was performed on a very old model (and hence, the conclusions are not current)

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An Examination of the Use of Large Language Models to Aid Analysis of Textual Data

Tai, Robert H. et al. (2024). International Journal of Qualitative Methods

An importance of a codebook used together with LLMs in qualitative analysis

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Exploring the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Qualitative Data Analysis: The Case of ChatGPT

Morgan, David L. (2023). International Journal of Qualitative Methods

One of the first honest head-to-head tests of ChatGPT against human thematic analysis.

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GPT is an effective tool for multilingual psychological text analysis

Rathje, Steve et al. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

One of the first uses of coding in psychology using LLMs

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Using large language models in psychology

Demszky, Dorottya et al. (2023). Nature Reviews Psychology

The paper everyone cites for a reason.

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Machine Learning for Small Bodies in the Solar System

Valerio Carruba & Evgeny Smirnov and Dagmara Oszkiewicz (editors) (2025). Elsevier

Machine Learning for Small Bodies in the Solar System is the first book devoted entirely to the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to the study of asteroids, comets, and trans-Neptunian objects. Covering topics from celestial mechanics and asteroid family identification to object detection, spectroscopy, and autonomous data analysis, it combines methodological foundations with practical implementations, including code examples and publicly available repositories. The volume is intended both as an introduction for researchers entering the field and as a reference for experienced planetary scientists seeking to incorporate modern AI techniques into their research. As the era of data-intensive surveys led by facilities such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory begins, the methods presented in this book provide an essential foundation for the next generation of solar system science.

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This paper demonstrates the transformative potential of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory for the discovery of long-period and hyperbolic comets, showing that next-generation surveys could dramatically increase detection rates. Beyond its scientific results, it provides valuable insight into how modern survey capabilities and data-driven methods will reshape studies of the distant Solar System. An important reference for researchers interested in the future of small-body discovery and survey science.

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Remote Agent: to boldly go where no AI system has gone before

Muscettola, Nicola et al. (1998). Artificial Intelligence

A landmark paper in autonomous spacecraft operations, this work demonstrated that AI planning and execution systems could reliably control a spacecraft in a real mission environment. By validating the Remote Agent architecture beyond laboratory experiments, it established a foundation for autonomous space exploration and remains an essential reference for researchers interested in AI-driven mission planning, spacecraft autonomy, and intelligent control.

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Machine learning-assisted dynamical classification of trans-Neptunian objects

Volk, Kathryn & Malhotra, Renu (2025). Machine Learning for Small Bodies in the Solar System

One of the early applications of machine learning to the dynamical classification of trans-Neptunian objects, this work illustrates how AI can streamline the analysis of complex orbital behavior. Its methodology remains relevant as modern surveys continue to expand the known population of distant Solar System bodies, making automated classification increasingly important.

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An innovative application of AI to spacecraft guidance and control, this work introduces an adaptive control strategy for stable hovering around asteroids with uncertain gravity. It highlights the growing role of intelligent algorithms in enabling autonomous proximity operations, inspection, and future sampling and landing missions.

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This work establishes the first comprehensive benchmark for evaluating multimodal large language models on resonance classification in celestial mechanics. Its standardized datasets, evaluation methodology, and comparison of commercial and open-source models provide a foundation for future research on generative AI in dynamical astronomy. Essential reading for anyone interested in the intersection of large language models and Solar System dynamics.

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A pioneering application of DeepONets to asteroid thermophysical modeling, this work shows how neural operator architectures can dramatically accelerate surface temperature calculations while preserving high accuracy. Its methodology paves the way for efficient coupling of AI-based thermal models with orbital dynamics, making it an important contribution to the growing use of scientific machine learning in planetary science.

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A landmark paper that introduced Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), establishing one of the most influential frameworks for integrating physical laws with deep learning. By embedding differential equation constraints directly into neural network training, this work opened new avenues for data-driven scientific computing and inverse modeling. Essential reading for researchers interested in applying machine learning to physics, engineering, and celestial mechanics.

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This chapter provides an in-depth review of machine-learning methods for identifying cometary activity in wide-field astronomical surveys. By reviewing both classical approaches and modern AI techniques, it offers an accessible introduction to the challenges of detecting active solar system objects and discusses future applications to next-generation surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. A valuable starting point for researchers entering this rapidly developing field.

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An important methodological contribution, this paper was among the first to apply vision transformers to the identification of secular resonances in asteroid dynamics. It illustrates the potential of modern deep-learning architectures to complement traditional dynamical analyses and represents a significant step toward AI-driven classification of resonant populations.

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This paper applies optimized artificial neural networks to the identification of asteroid resonances, demonstrating how machine-learning models can automate a challenging classification task in celestial mechanics. Beyond its technical contribution, it introduced an innovative methodology for resonance identification and was awarded the CELMEC Prize for innovative methods in dynamical astronomy. It remains a useful reference for researchers interested in applying neural networks to dynamical astronomy problems.

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Artificial neural network classification of asteroids in the M1:2 mean-motion resonance with Mars

Carruba, V. et al. (2021). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Machine-learning identification of asteroid groups

Carruba, V. et al. (2019). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

A pioneering application of machine learning to asteroid family identification, this work showed that supervised clustering algorithms can efficiently recover known families and identify new candidate groups. The paper remains a valuable reference for understanding how machine-learning methods can complement traditional HCM approaches, particularly as the size of asteroid catalogs continues to increase.

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Machine learning classification of Kuiper belt populations

Smullen, Rachel A. & Volk, Kathryn (2020). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

One of the first studies to apply machine learning to the dynamical classification of Kuiper Belt Objects, this work showed that gradient-boosting methods can provide fast and accurate classifications with minimal loss of reliability. It remains an important reference for researchers interested in scalable approaches to the analysis of the rapidly growing KBO population.

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Machine learning classification of new asteroid families members

Carruba, V. et al. (2020). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

By comparing several supervised machine-learning classifiers for asteroid family identification, this study showed that data-driven methods can effectively complement traditional clustering approaches. The techniques remain relevant today, as they readily scale to the rapidly expanding asteroid databases produced by modern surveys.

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Identification of asteroids trapped inside three-body mean motion resonances: a machine-learning approach

Smirnov, Evgeny A. & Markov, Alexey B. (2017). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

A pioneering application of machine learning to asteroid dynamics, this work showed that scikit-learn classifiers could successfully identify three-body mean motion resonances. While the field has since advanced considerably, the paper remains a useful reference for researchers interested in applying classical machine-learning techniques to problems in celestial mechanics.

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I-Sharing, not exactly existential isolation

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At last, something really close to the concept of existential isolation

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Samples are students and Amazon Turk...

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