T. Gallardo (2006)
Shows that high-order mean-motion resonances and the Kozai mechanism can structure scattered-disk TNO dynamics.
The work highlights that scattered-disk trans-Neptunian objects can be strongly affected not only by low-order mean-motion resonances but also by many high-order resonances. It emphasizes the role of the Kozai mechanism inside resonances, where coupled oscillations of eccentricity and inclination can modify perihelion distance and long-term stability. This widens the set of dynamical pathways that can keep scattered objects detached from Neptune or drive their orbital evolution. The implication is that interpreting the scattered disk requires considering resonance–Kozai (Lidov–Kozai) coupling across a broad resonance web, not just a few prominent commensurabilities.
Dynamical analysis of scattered-disk motion focusing on mean-motion resonances and resonant Kozai (Lidov–Kozai) behavior.
Celestial mechanics of mean-motion resonances and the Lidov–Kozai mechanism in trans-Neptunian dynamics.
Following Gomes, Gallardo showed that most likely all asteroids in the ZLKR will also be in MMR, and also showed that even high-order 1:N MMRs (which are strong in the TNO) can be “populated” by asteroids.
— ES